Dynasties & States
Kingdoms, empires and the houses that ruled them.
326 entries
A
- Ābhīra dynastyThe Ābhīras were a people of the northern Deccan who established a dynasty in the third centu…
- Achaemenid satrapies in IndiaThe Achaemenid satrapies in India were the northwestern provinces of the Persian empire, esta…
- Adil Shahi Sultanate of BijapurThe Adil Shahis ruled Bijapur and the western Deccan for nearly two centuries, and built the…
- ĀgreyaĀgreya was a people of what is now Haryana, attested by coins found at the mound of Agroha, a…
- Ahom dynastyThe Ahom dynasty was a Tai-descended royal line that ruled the Brahmaputra valley of Assam fr…
- Alchon HunsThe Alchon Huns were a Central Asian people who invaded northwestern India from the late four…
- All India Muslim LeagueThe All India Muslim League was a political organization founded in 1906 to safeguard Muslim…
- AlupasThe Alupas ruled the Tulu-speaking coast of Karnataka for a thousand years as feudatories of…
- Ānanda Gotrika dynastyThe Ānanda Gotrikas were a dynasty of the Guntur country in the fourth and fifth centuries CE…
- Andhra Ikṣvāku dynastyThe Andhra Ikṣvākus were the dynasty that succeeded the Sātavāhanas in the lower Krishna vall…
- AṅgaAṅga was a mahājanapada east of Magadha with its capital at Campā, and the first of the great…
- Angres of KolabaThe Angres commanded the Maratha navy from the Konkan forts and for fifty years levied their…
- Anu, Druhyu and TurvaśaAnu, Druhyu and Turvaśa are three peoples named repeatedly in the Ṛgveda who, with the Yadu a…
- AnuradhapuraAnuradhapura was the capital and namesake of Sri Lanka's first major kingdom, a Buddhist stat…
- Apracharājas and PāratarājasThe Apracharājas and Pāratarājas were two minor dynasties of the northwestern frontier, the f…
- ĀrjunāyanaThe Ārjunāyanas were a corporate people of eastern Rajasthan, known from copper coins bearing…
- Arunachal chiefshipsThe Arunachal hills held dozens of distinct peoples governed by village councils and clan chi…
- Asaf Jahi dynastyThe Asaf Jahi Nizams ruled Hyderabad from 1724 to 1948, the largest and richest princely stat…
- AssakaAssaka was the southernmost of the sixteen mahājanapadas, a kingdom of the Godāvarī valley an…
- AudumbaraThe Audumbaras were a people of the Punjab hill country between the Ravi and the Beas, known…
- Aulikara dynastyThe Aulikaras ruled western Malwa from Daśapura and produced Yaśodharman, the king whose vict…
- AvantiAvanti was a mahājanapada of the Malwa plateau ruled from Ujjayinī, the strongest of Magadha'…
- Āy dynastyThe Āys were a dynasty of the far south of Kerala, beginning as Sangam-age hill chieftains an…
- Āyudha dynastyThe Āyudhas held Kannauj in the late eighth century CE, and their weakness made the city the…
B
- Baghelas of RewaThe Baghelas ruled Baghelkhand from the thirteenth century until 1948, a durable second-rank…
- Bahmani SultanateThe Bahmani Sultanate ruled the Deccan from 1347 to 1527, the first independent Muslim kingdo…
- Baise RajyaThe Baise Rajya were the twenty-two small kingdoms of the Karnali basin that emerged from the…
- Bāṇa kingdomThe Bāṇas were a long-lived feudatory dynasty of the country where Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and…
- Bangash Nawabs of FarrukhabadThe Bangash Nawabs ruled Farrukhabad in the Doab from 1714, a Pashtun successor state that fo…
- Barid Shahi Sultanate of BidarThe Barid Shahis held Bidar, the old Bahmani capital, from 1489 to 1619, the smallest of the…
- Baro-Bhuyan confederacyThe Baro-Bhuyans were confederacies of independent landholders in Assam and Bengal who govern…
- Bengal SultanateThe Bengal Sultanate ruled the delta for over two centuries from 1352, an independent and pro…
- Bhañja dynastiesThe Bhañjas were a family of dynasties in the interior uplands of Odisha, ruling from the eig…
- Bharata dynastyThe Bharata dynasty is the legendary lunar-line (Chandravansha) royal lineage described in th…
- Bharatiya Janata PartyThe Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is a Hindu-nationalist political party founded in 1980 that…
- Bhāṭīs of JaisalmerThe Bhāṭīs founded Jaisalmer in 1156 on a ridge in the Thar desert and ruled it until 1949, t…
- Bhauma-Kara dynastyThe Bhauma-Karas ruled coastal Odisha for two centuries from about 736 CE, a Buddhist dynasty…
- Bhonsles of NagpurThe Bhonsles of Nagpur ruled the eastern Maratha territories from 1739 until the state was an…
- Bhulua kingdomBhulua was a small kingdom of southeastern Bengal, in the Noakhali country, holding out in th…
- BilaspurBilaspur, also called Kahlur, was a Sutlej valley state whose capital was submerged in the 19…
- Brahman dynasty of SindhThe Brahman dynasty ruled Sindh for eighty years until the Umayyad general Muhammad bin Qasim…
- Bṛhatphalāyana dynastyThe Bṛhatphalāyanas were a short-lived dynasty of the Andhra coast in the late third century…
- British RajThe British Raj was the period of direct Crown rule over India from 1858 to 1947, following t…
- Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms of AfghanistanThe Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms of Afghanistan were a succession of polities in Gandhara, Bac…
- BushahrBushahr was the largest of the Himachal hill states, running up the Sutlej to the Tibetan fro…
C
- Candra dynastyThe Candras ruled eastern Bengal from Vikramapura between about 900 and 1050 CE, a Buddhist d…
- Chāhamānas of JālorThe Chāhamānas of Jālor ruled southwestern Rajasthan from the twelfth century until Alauddin…
- Chāhamānas of NaḍḍūlaThe Chāhamānas of Naḍḍūla were a branch of the Śākambharī house that ruled part of Marwar fro…
- Chāhamānas of RanthamboreThe Chāhamānas of Ranthambore were founded by Pṛthvīrāja III's son after the fall of Ajmer, a…
- Chāhamānas of ŚākambharīThe Chāhamānas of Śākambharī were the leading Rajput dynasty of eastern Rajasthan, and their…
- Chak dynasty of KashmirThe Chaks were the last independent dynasty of Kashmir, ruling from 1561 until Akbar annexed…
- Chalukyas of BādāmiThe Chalukyas of Bādāmi ruled the Deccan for two centuries from 543 CE, checked Harṣa at the…
- Chalukyas of LāṭaThe Chalukyas of Lāṭa were a branch of the Bādāmi house governing southern Gujarat, whose rul…
- ChambaChamba was a Himalayan kingdom of the Ravi valley from the sixth century to 1948, whose unbro…
- Chandela dynastyThe Chandelas ruled Bundelkhand from the ninth to the fourteenth century and built the temple…
- ChandradwipChandradwip was a deltaic kingdom of southern Bengal whose Bakla rajas were among the Baro-Bh…
- Chaubisi RajyaThe Chaubisi Rajya were the twenty-four principalities of the Gandaki basin in central Nepal,…
- Chaulukya dynasty of GujaratThe Chaulukyas ruled Gujarat from Patan for three centuries from 942 CE, the period in which…
- Chāvḍā dynastyThe Chāvḍās ruled northern Gujarat before the Chaulukyas, and their king Vanarāja founded Aṇa…
- ChediChedi was a mahājanapada of the Bundelkhand country south of the Yamuna, known from the epics…
- Chhatrapatis of KolhapurThe Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur were the junior branch of Shivaji's line, and their ruler Shahu…
- Chindaka Nāgas of BastarThe Chindaka Nāgas ruled the Bastar country of southern Chhattisgarh from about 1000 to 1324…
- ChitralChitral was a Hindu Kush principality under the Kator mehtars, containing the Kalash valleys…
- Chola EmpireThe Chola Empire ruled the Tamil country from 848 to 1279, at its height controlling southern…
- Chudasamas of SaurashtraThe Chudasamas ruled Sorath in southern Saurashtra from Junagadh for six centuries, until the…
- Chutia kingdomThe Chutia kingdom held upper Assam around Sadiya from the twelfth century until the Ahoms de…
- Cuṭu dynastyThe Cuṭus were a dynasty of northern Karnataka centred on Banavāsi who ruled the southwestern…
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- Danish IndiaDanish India consisted of Tranquebar on the Tamil coast and Serampore in Bengal, small settle…
- Delhi SultanateThe Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE) was a series of five Turkic and Afghan Muslim dynasties th…
- Deva dynastyThe Devas ruled Samataṭa in southeastern Bengal in the eighth and ninth centuries CE, Buddhis…
- Doti kingdomDoti was a kingdom of far-western Nepal ruled by the Raika kings, one of the successor states…
- The Drukpa theocracy of BhutanThe Drukpa theocracy governed Bhutan from 1616 to 1907 under a dual system of religious and t…
- Dutch IndiaDutch India was the network of Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie factories on the Indian coas…
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- Early CherasThe early Cheras ruled the Malabar coast and the western Tamil country in the Sangam age, and…
- Early CholasThe early Cholas were one of the three crowned dynasties of the Tamil country in the Sangam a…
- East India CompanyThe East India Company (EIC) was an English joint-stock trading corporation, chartered in 160…
- Eastern Chalukyas of VengiThe Eastern Chalukyas ruled coastal Andhra for five and a half centuries from 624 CE, and und…
- Eastern Ganga dynastyThe Eastern Gangas ruled Kalinga for nearly a thousand years, and under them the Jagannātha t…
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- Gaekwads of BarodaThe Gaekwads ruled Baroda from 1721 to 1949, and under Sayajirao Gaekwad III the state introd…
- Gajapati dynastyThe Gajapatis ruled Odisha from 1434 to 1541 and briefly held the eastern seaboard from the G…
- Garhwal kingdomThe Panwar dynasty ruled Garhwal from the ninth century until 1949, a Himalayan kingdom conta…
- Garo nokma chiefdomsThe Garo hills were governed by village chiefdoms under a nokma rather than by any kingdom, a…
- Gauḍa kingdomGauḍa was the kingdom of Śaśāṅka, the first ruler to unify Bengal as an independent power in…
- Gohil dynastyThe Gohils migrated from Marwar to eastern Saurashtra in the thirteenth century and gave thei…
- Greco-Bactrian KingdomThe Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was a Hellenistic state in northern Afghanistan and Central Asia,…
- Guhilas of ChatsuThe Guhilas of Chatsu were a branch of the Guhila family that held territory south of modern…
- Guhilas of MedapāṭaThe Guhilas ruled Medapāṭa — Mewar — from about the seventh century, holding Chittor until Al…
- Gujarat SultanateThe Gujarat Sultanate ruled the western seaboard from 1407 to 1573, founded Ahmedabad, and de…
- GulerGuler was a small Kangra-valley state whose court produced the Guler school of painting and t…
- Gupta EmpireThe Gupta Empire was a dynasty that ruled much of northern and central India from the early f…
- Gurjara-Pratihāra EmpireThe Gurjara-Pratihāras ruled northern India from Kannauj for two centuries from the mid-eight…
- Gurjaras of NandipurīThe Gurjaras of Nandipurī ruled the Lāṭa country of southern Gujarat from the late sixth cent…
- Guttas of GuttavolalThe Guttas were a feudatory family of the Dharwad country in northern Karnataka, claiming des…
H
- Habbari dynastyThe Habbaris ruled Sindh from Mansura for some hundred and seventy years from 854 CE, the fir…
- Habsburg and Trieste companiesThe Habsburg trading companies based at Trieste made a brief attempt at an Indian presence in…
- Hāḍā Chauhans of Bundi and KotaThe Hāḍās were a Chāhamāna branch that ruled the Hadoti country of southeastern Rajasthan fro…
- Hindu Shahi dynastyA Hindu dynasty that ruled Kabul, Gandhara, and the Punjab from the mid-9th to the early 11th…
- Holkars of IndoreThe Holkars ruled Indore and western Malwa from 1731 to 1948, and their queen Ahilyabai rebui…
- The house of Yaśovarman of KannaujYaśovarman ruled at Kannauj in the first half of the eighth century CE, briefly restoring an…
- Hoysala dynastyThe Hoysalas ruled southern Karnataka from the eleventh to the fourteenth century and built a…
- HunzaHunza was a Karakoram principality whose people speak Burushaski, a language unrelated to any…
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- The Ikṣvāku lineThe Ikṣvākus are the solar dynasty of the Rāmāyaṇa, ruling Kosala from Ayodhyā, whose genealo…
- Imad Shahi Sultanate of BerarThe Imad Shahis ruled Berar from 1490 to 1572, the first of the five Deccan sultanates to be…
- Indian National ArmyThe Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) was an armed force raised during the Second World W…
- Indian National CongressThe Indian National Congress is India's oldest political party, founded in 1885 as a forum fo…
- Indo-Greek KingdomThe Indo-Greek kingdoms were the states ruled by Greek dynasties in Gandhāra and the Punjab f…
- Indo-Parthian KingdomThe Indo-Parthian Kingdom was a state founded by Gondophares in the first century CE across S…
- Indo-Scythian KingdomThe Indo-Scythians were Śaka rulers from Central Asia who took the Indus country and the Punj…
- Indus Valley CivilizationThe Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also called the Harappan Civilization, was a Bronze Age…
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- Jadeja dynasty of KutchThe Jadejas ruled Kutch from the twelfth century until 1948, a desert and coastal kingdom who…
- Jaintia kingdomThe Jaintia kingdom held the hills and the adjoining Sylhet plain until 1835, a matrilineal K…
- Jaunpur SultanateThe Sharqi sultans ruled the eastern Ganga plain from Jaunpur for eighty-five years, and made…
- Jethwa dynastyThe Jethwas ruled the Barda hills and the Porbandar coast of Saurashtra from the medieval per…
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- Kacchapaghāta dynastyThe Kacchapaghātas ruled the Gwalior region between the tenth and twelfth centuries, and buil…
- Kachari kingdomThe Kachari or Dimasa kingdom ruled central and southern Assam from Dimapur and later Maibang…
- Kachwahas of DhūṇḍhāḍThe Kachwahas ruled Dhūṇḍhāḍ from Amber and later Jaipur, were the first Rajput house to ente…
- Kadamba dynastyThe Kadambas of Banavāsi were the first indigenous dynasty of Karnataka, founded in the fourt…
- Kadambas of GoaThe Kadambas of Goa ruled the Konkan coast from the tenth to the fourteenth century, and thei…
- Kadambas of HangalThe Kadambas of Hangal ruled northern Karnataka as Western Chalukya feudatories from the tent…
- Kākatīya dynastyThe Kākatīyas ruled the Telugu country from Warangal for a century and a half, were governed…
- KaḷabhrasThe Kaḷabhras were a power that displaced the Tamil kingdoms for some three centuries after t…
- Kalachuris of KalyāṇiThe Kalachuris of Kalyāṇi held the Deccan for twenty-five years in the twelfth century, and i…
- Kalachuris of MāhiṣmatīThe early Kalachuris ruled the Narmada valley and the northern Deccan in the sixth and early…
- Kalachuris of RatnapuraThe Kalachuris of Ratnapura were a branch of the Tripurī house that ruled Chhattisgarh from a…
- Kalachuris of SarayūpāraThe Kalachuris of Sarayūpāra were a minor branch of the family that ruled the country north o…
- Kalachuris of TripurīThe Kalachuris of Tripurī ruled the Chedi country of central India for four centuries, reachi…
- Kāmatā kingdomKāmatā was the kingdom that succeeded Kāmarūpa in western Assam and north Bengal from the thi…
- KambojaKamboja was a people of the Kabul valley and the northwestern highlands, counted among the ma…
- Kamboja-Pāla dynastyThe Kamboja-Pālas were a dynasty that seized part of Bengal from the Pālas in the tenth centu…
- Kangra and the Katoch dynastyThe Katoch rajas of Kangra claimed descent from the ancient Trigarta and, under Sansar Chand…
- Kāṇva dynastyThe Kāṇvas were a short-lived brahmin dynasty that displaced the Śuṅgas in Magadha in the fir…
- Karkoṭa dynastyThe Karkoṭas ruled Kashmir from the seventh to the ninth century CE, and under Lalitāditya th…
- Karṇāṭa dynasty of MithilāThe Karṇāṭas ruled Mithilā from Simraungarh for over two centuries from 1097, a dynasty of so…
- KāśīKāśī was a mahājanapada of the middle Ganga around Vārāṇasī, an old and wealthy kingdom that…
- Katyūrī dynastyThe Katyūrīs ruled the central Himalayan country of what is now Uttarakhand from about 700 to…
- Keladi NayakasThe Keladi Nayakas ruled the Malnad hills and the Karnataka coast from 1499 to 1763, and thei…
- Khaḍga dynastyThe Khaḍgas ruled eastern Bengal in the seventh and eighth centuries CE, a Buddhist dynasty a…
- Khalji dynastyThe Khalji dynasty was a Turko-Afghan ruling house that governed the Delhi Sultanate from 129…
- Khamti chiefship of SadiyaThe Khamti chiefs held Sadiya at the head of the Brahmaputra valley in the late eighteenth an…
- Khaplu, Shigar, Astor and ChilasKhaplu, Shigar, Astor and Chilas were the smaller Baltistan and upper Indus chiefships that r…
- Khasa Malla kingdomThe Khasa Mallas ruled the Karnali basin and much of the western Himalaya from Sinja between…
- Khasi hima statesThe Khasi hima were some twenty-five small states of the Meghalaya hills, each governed by an…
- Khen dynasty of KāmatāThe Khens were the last dynasty of the Kāmatā kingdom, ruling for some sixty years until the…
- Khmer EmpireThe Khmer Empire was a Southeast Asian state centered on Angkor in present-day Cambodia that…
- Khokhar chiefsThe Khokhars were a Punjab people whose chiefs resisted the Delhi Sultanate for three centuri…
- KidaritesThe Kidarites were a Central Asian dynasty that took the former Kushan territories of Bactria…
- KīkaṭaKīkaṭa is a people named once in the Ṛgveda, in a hostile aside, and identified by later comm…
- Kingdom of CochinThe kingdom of Cochin ruled central Kerala from the twelfth century until 1949, and by allyin…
- Kingdom of PongPong or Möng Mao was a Tai kingdom of the upper Irrawaddy country, significant for Indian his…
- Kingdom of TravancoreTravancore was the kingdom Marthanda Varma built out of Venāḍ from 1729, notable for defeatin…
- Kirāta dynastyThe Kirātas are the dynasty Nepali tradition places before the Licchavis in the Kathmandu val…
- Koch dynastyThe Koch dynasty ruled western Assam and north Bengal from 1515, reached its height under Nar…
- Koch HajoKoch Hajo was the eastern half of the divided Koch kingdom, lasting a single generation befor…
- KolathunāḍuKolathunāḍu was the north Malabar kingdom that succeeded the Mūṣikas, ruling from Chirakkal,…
- Koṭas of DharaṇikoṭaThe Koṭas ruled Dharaṇikoṭa on the Krishna from the eleventh to the fourteenth century, the s…
- KṣudrakaThe Kṣudrakas were a martial clan people of the central Punjab who, in alliance with the Māla…
- KuchaKucha was an Indianized Buddhist city-state in the Tarim Basin, in present-day Xinjiang, Chin…
- KulluKullu was a kingdom of the upper Beas valley whose rajas ceded sovereignty to the god Raghuna…
- KulūtaKulūta was a small hill state of the upper Beas valley, attested by a coinage naming its rule…
- Kumaon kingdomThe Chand dynasty ruled Kumaon from Champawat and later Almora until the Gorkha conquest of 1…
- KuṇindaThe Kuṇindas were a hill people of the Himalayan foothills between the Yamuna and the Sutlej,…
- Kuru KingdomThe Kuru Kingdom was both a historically attested late Vedic polity of the upper Ganga-Yamuna…
- Kushan EmpireThe Kushan Empire (c.
- KutlehrKutlehr was one of the smallest of the Punjab hill states, holding a few valleys in the Himac…
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- Later CherasThe Later Cheras ruled Kerala from Mahodayapuram between about 800 and 1124 CE, and their cha…
- Later GuptasThe Later Guptas were a dynasty that ruled Magadha and at times Malwa from the late fifth to…
- Licchavi dynasty of NepalThe Licchavis ruled the Kathmandu valley from about 400 to 750 CE, the first historically doc…
- Lodi dynastyThe Lodis were the last dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, the first of Afghan rather than Turki…
- Lohara dynastyThe Loharas ruled Kashmir from 1003 to 1320, a period of increasing disorder that Kalhaṇa rec…
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- Macedonian satrapies in IndiaThe Macedonian satrapies in India were the short-lived provinces Alexander established in the…
- MadraMadra was a kingdom of the central Punjab around Śākala, named in later Vedic literature and…
- MagadhaMagadha was an ancient kingdom of the eastern Gangetic plain, centered on present-day Bihar,…
- MahābhojasThe Mahābhojas were chiefs of the Konkan coast under Sātavāhana overlordship, attested by don…
- Mahāmeghavāhana dynastyThe Mahāmeghavāhanas were the dynasty that restored Kalinga after its devastation by Aśoka, a…
- MahārathisThe Mahārathis were a class of chiefs of the western Deccan who served the Sātavāhanas as feu…
- Maitraka dynastyThe Maitrakas ruled Saurashtra and Gujarat for three centuries from Vallabhī, a city whose Bu…
- MālavaThe Mālavas were a people who fought Alexander in the Punjab, migrated southeast into Rajasth…
- MallaThe Mallas were a clan people of eastern Uttar Pradesh, organised as two gaṇa-saṅghas around…
- Malla dynasty of BishnupurThe Malla kings of Bishnupur ruled the Bankura country of western Bengal for over a thousand…
- Malla dynasty of NepalThe Mallas ruled the Kathmandu valley from the thirteenth century to 1769, and their division…
- Malwa SultanateThe Malwa Sultanate ruled central India from 1392 to 1562, and built at Mandu one of the most…
- Mamluk dynasty of DelhiThe Mamluk dynasty founded the Delhi Sultanate in 1206, ruled northern India for eighty-four…
- MandiMandi was a Himalayan state of the Beas valley founded in 1527, known for its stone temples a…
- ManipurManipur was ruled by the Ningthouja dynasty from the Kangla at Imphal, and its court chronicl…
- Maqpon dynasty of SkarduThe Maqpon dynasty ruled Baltistan from Skardu, a Tibetan-speaking Muslim country called Litt…
- Maratha EmpireThe Maratha Empire was a Hindu warrior state that rose in the Deccan under Chhatrapati Shivaj…
- MaryulMaryul was the first kingdom of Ladakh, founded around 930 by a descendant of the Tibetan imp…
- Matak stateThe Matak state was carved out of upper Assam by the Moamaria rebels in 1805, the political o…
- Māṭhara dynastyThe Māṭharas ruled Kalinga in the fourth and fifth centuries CE, the first dynasty after the…
- MatsyaMatsya was a mahājanapada of eastern Rajasthan with its capital at Virāṭanagara, best known a…
- Maukhari dynastyThe Maukharis ruled from Kannauj in the sixth century CE, made it the leading city of norther…
- Maurya EmpireThe Maurya Empire was the first state to rule most of the Indian subcontinent, founded by Can…
- The Mitra dynastiesThe Mitra dynasties were local ruling houses of the Ganga–Yamuna country between the Mauryas…
- Mizo chiefdomsThe Mizo hills were held by hereditary chiefs, chiefly of the Sailo clan, each ruling a villa…
- MoirangMoirang was one of the principalities of the Manipur valley before Ningthouja unification, th…
- Mughal EmpireThe Mughal Empire was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Timurid and Chagatai descent that ruled…
- Multan SultanateThe Langah sultans ruled Multan and southern Punjab from 1445 to 1528, in the gap between the…
- Mūṣika dynastyThe Mūṣikas ruled north Malabar from Ezhimala from the Sangam age onward, and are the subject…
- Musunuri NayaksThe Musunuri Nayaks were Kākatīya officers who combined after the fall of Warangal in 1323 to…
- Mysore under Hyder Ali and Tipu SultanHyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan ruled Mysore from 1761 to 1799, fought four wars against th…
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- Naga village republicsThe Naga hills were divided among independent villages, each a sovereign unit governed by its…
- NagarNagar was the principality facing Hunza across the same river gorge, ruled by the Maglot dyna…
- Nāgas of PadmāvatīThe Nāgas of Padmāvatī were a dynasty of central India in the third and fourth centuries CE,…
- Nāgavaṃśī of ChotanagpurThe Nāgavaṃśīs ruled the Chotanagpur plateau, claiming descent from a serpent ancestor, and s…
- Nala dynastyThe Nalas ruled the forested country of Bastar and Koraput in the fifth and sixth centuries C…
- NalagarhNalagarh, also called Hindur, was a small state of the Himachal foothills founded as a branch…
- Namgyal dynasty of LadakhThe Namgyals ruled Ladakh from Leh from the fifteenth century until the Dogra conquest of 184…
- Namgyal dynasty of SikkimThe Namgyal chogyals ruled Sikkim from 1642 until 1975, when a referendum abolished the monar…
- Nanda dynastyThe Nandas were the dynasty that ruled Magadha immediately before the Mauryas, remembered for…
- Nawabs of AwadhThe Nawabs of Awadh ruled the central Ganga plain from Lucknow until the British annexed the…
- Nawabs of BengalThe Nawabs of Bengal ruled the richest province of the Mughal empire from Murshidabad, and th…
- Nawabs of BhopalThe Nawabs of Bhopal ruled central India from 1707 to 1949, and for over a century the state…
- Nawabs of the CarnaticThe Nawabs of the Carnatic ruled the Tamil country from Arcot, and the contest over their suc…
- Nayaks of GingeeThe Nayaks of Gingee ruled the northern Tamil country from a fortress spanning three hills th…
- Nayaks of MaduraiThe Nayaks of Madurai ruled the southern Tamil country for two centuries from 1529, and under…
- Nayaks of ThanjavurThe Nayaks of Thanjavur ruled the Kaveri delta from 1532 to 1673, a Telugu-speaking dynasty i…
- Nellore CholasThe Nellore Cholas ruled southern Andhra between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, and th…
- Nikumbha dynastyThe Nikumbhas were a minor dynasty attested in the Alwar country of Rajasthan and later in Kh…
- Nizam Shahi Sultanate of AhmadnagarThe Nizam Shahis ruled Ahmadnagar from 1490 to 1636, the Deccan sultanate that fought the Mug…
- NolambasThe Nolambas ruled Nolambavāḍi, the dry country on the Karnataka–Andhra border, from the eigh…
- The Northern SatrapsThe Northern Satraps were Śaka governors who ruled at Mathurā in the first centuries BCE and…
- NurpurNurpur was a Pathania state on the Punjab–Himachal border, renamed for the Mughal empress Nur…
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- Pala dynastyThe Pala dynasty was a Buddhist-patronizing dynasty that ruled Bengal and Bihar from the mid-…
- Pāla dynasty of KāmarūpaThe Pālas of Kāmarūpa ruled Assam from about 900 to 1100 CE, the last dynasty of the old Kāma…
- Pallava dynastyThe Pallavas ruled the northern Tamil country from Kāñcīpuram for six centuries, fought the C…
- PanchalaPanchala was a later Vedic kingdom of the upper Ganga–Yamuna Doab that, with its neighbour Ku…
- Pāṇḍuvaṃśins of Dakṣiṇa KosalaThe Pāṇḍuvaṃśins ruled Dakṣiṇa Kosala from Sirpur between the sixth and eighth centuries CE,…
- Pandya dynastyThe Pandya dynasty was an ancient Tamil dynasty centered on Madurai in southern Tamil Nadu, w…
- Paramāra dynasty of MalwaThe Paramāras ruled Malwa from Dhārā for five centuries, and their king Bhoja was the most ce…
- Paramāras of ArbudaThe Paramāras of Arbuda ruled the Mount Abu country from Chandrāvatī, and it was under their…
- Paramāras of Bhīnmāl and JālorThe Paramāras of Bhīnmāl and Jālor were a minor branch of the family holding southwestern Raj…
- Paramāras of VāgaḍaThe Paramāras of Vāgaḍa were a branch of the Malwa house that ruled the hill country between…
- Parivrājaka and Uccakalpa mahārājasThe Parivrājakas and the mahārājas of Uccakalpa were two feudatory houses of central India in…
- The Paurava kingdom of PorusThe Paurava kingdom was a Punjab state between the Jhelum and the Chenab whose king, called P…
- The PeshwasThe Peshwas were the hereditary chief ministers who ruled the Maratha empire from Pune for a…
- Portuguese IndiaPortuguese India was the first and the last European territorial presence in the subcontinent…
- Pottapi CholasThe Pottapi Cholas were a Telugu Choda branch ruling from Pottapi in the Cuddapah country bet…
- PrāgjyotiṣaPrāgjyotiṣa is the name the epics give to the kingdom of the Brahmaputra valley, ruled by Nar…
- Puars of Dhar and DewasThe Puars held Dhar and the two Dewas states in Malwa from 1728 to 1948, Maratha commanders w…
- PuruThe Puru were a Ṛgvedic tribe of the Punjab, remembered chiefly as the leading opponents of t…
- Puṣyabhūti dynastyThe Puṣyabhūtis were the dynasty of Thanesar whose king Harṣa ruled most of northern India fr…
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- Rai dynasty of SindhThe Rai dynasty ruled Sindh from Alor for some hundred and forty years until 632 CE, a Buddhi…
- RājanyaRājanya was a people attested by copper coins bearing the legend of the Rājanya janapada, one…
- Rashtrakuta dynastyThe Rashtrakuta dynasty was an imperial power that dominated the Deccan and much of central I…
- Rathores of MarwarThe Rathores ruled Marwar from the thirteenth century and founded Jodhpur in 1459, becoming w…
- Rattas of SaundattiThe Rattas ruled the Belgaum country of northern Karnataka from the ninth to the thirteenth c…
- Recherla NayakasThe Recherla Nayakas ruled the hill forts of Rachakonda and Devarakonda in Telangana through…
- Reddy kingdom of KondaviduThe Reddy kingdom of Kondavidu ruled coastal Andhra for a century from 1325, and its patronag…
- Reddy kingdom of RajahmundryThe Reddy kingdom of Rajahmundry was the northern half of the Reddy state, ruling the Godāvar…
- Renāṭi CholasThe Renāṭi Cholas ruled the Cuddapah country from the sixth to the eighth century, and their…
- Republic of IndiaThe Republic of India succeeded the British Raj in 1947 as a dominion and in 1950 as a republ…
- Rohilkhand and the RohillasRohilkhand was the state the Pashtun Rohillas built north of the Ganges in the eighteenth cen…
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- Śailodbhava dynastyThe Śailodbhavas ruled the Koṅgoda country around Chilika lake in coastal Odisha between the…
- Saindhava dynastyThe Saindhavas ruled western Saurashtra from the eighth to the tenth century, styling themsel…
- Śālaṅkāyana dynastyThe Śālaṅkāyanas ruled the Vengī country of coastal Andhra in the fourth and fifth centuries…
- Śālastambha dynastyThe Śālastambhas ruled Kāmarūpa for two and a half centuries after the Varmans, a dynasty the…
- ŚālvaŚālva was a people of the country between Rajasthan and Haryana, named in the later Vedic lit…
- Samma dynastyThe Sammas ruled Sindh from Thatta for nearly two centuries from 1351, a period regarded as t…
- Śarabhapurīya dynastyThe Śarabhapurīyas ruled Dakṣiṇa Kosala, the upper Mahanadi basin of modern Chhattisgarh, in…
- Sātavāhana EmpireThe Sātavāhanas were the first great power of the Deccan, ruling from the Konkan to the Andhr…
- Sayyid dynastyThe Sayyids ruled Delhi from 1414 to 1451, in the aftermath of Timur's invasion, when the Sul…
- Scindias of GwaliorThe Scindias ruled Gwalior and much of central India from 1731 to 1948, and under Mahadji Sci…
- Sena dynastyThe Senas were the last Hindu dynasty to rule Bengal, displacing the Pālas in the twelfth cen…
- SendrakasThe Sendrakas were a feudatory family of the Deccan in the sixth to eighth centuries, holding…
- Seuṇa Yādavas of DevagiriThe Seuṇa Yādavas ruled the Marathi-speaking Deccan from the hill fortress of Devagiri for ov…
- Shah dynasty of NepalThe Shah dynasty ruled Gorkha from 1559 and Nepal from 1769 until the monarchy was abolished…
- Shah Mir dynasty of KashmirThe Shah Mirs ruled Kashmir from 1339 to 1561, the dynasty under which the valley became Musl…
- Shimla Hill StatesThe Shimla Hill States were some twenty-eight small principalities of the Sutlej–Yamuna water…
- Sikh EmpireThe Sikh Empire ruled the Punjab and the northwest from Lahore between 1799 and 1849, the las…
- The Sikh mislsThe misls were the confederacies into which Sikh fighting bands organised themselves in the e…
- ŚilāhārasThe Śilāhāras ruled the Konkan coast and the Kolhapur country in three branches for five cent…
- Sindas of YelburgaThe Sindas were a feudatory family of northern Karnataka under the Western Chalukyas, ruling…
- SirmurSirmur was a hill state of the Himachal foothills whose recovery from Gorkha occupation in 18…
- Sisodia dynasty of MewarThe Sisodias ruled Mewar from 1326 until 1949, the senior house among the Rajput dynasties, a…
- Śiśunāga dynastyThe Śiśunāgas were a Magadhan dynasty of the fifth and fourth centuries BCE, credited with th…
- Somavaṃśī dynastyThe Somavaṃśīs moved from Dakṣiṇa Kosala into coastal Odisha in the tenth century and unified…
- Soomra dynastyThe Soomras ruled Sindh for three centuries after the fall of the Habbaris, the first dynasty…
- Spiti and Lahaul chiefshipsSpiti and Lahaul were trans-Himalayan valleys governed by local chiefs under Ladakhi and then…
- SuketSuket was one of the older hill states of Himachal, ruled by a Sen dynasty from which Mandi s…
- Śuṅga dynastyThe Śuṅgas were the dynasty that replaced the Mauryas in 185 BCE, ruling Magadha and central…
- Sur EmpireThe Sur Empire ruled northern India for sixteen years after Sher Shah Suri drove Humayun out…
- ŚūrasenaŚūrasena was a mahājanapada of the Mathurā country, the kingdom in whose territory the Kṛṣṇa…
- SuryavanshaSuryavansha, or the Solar Dynasty, is the Puranic and epic genealogical lineage tracing desce…
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- Telugu CholasThe Telugu Cholas were a group of related dynasties in the Andhra country claiming Chola desc…
- Thakuri periodThe Thakuri period covers the four and a half centuries between the Licchavis and the Mallas…
- Tomaras of DelhiThe Tomaras ruled the Delhi region before the Chauhans, and are credited with founding the se…
- Tomaras of GwaliorThe Tomaras ruled Gwalior for a century and a quarter from 1394, and under Mān Singh Tomar th…
- Traikūṭaka dynastyThe Traikūṭakas ruled the northern Konkan and the Gujarat coast in the third to fifth centuri…
- Trakhan dynasty of GilgitThe Trakhan dynasty ruled Gilgit from the fourteenth century until the Dogra conquest, in a v…
- TrigartaTrigarta was a polity of the Jalandhar Doab and the Kangra hills, named as a corporation in P…
- Tughlaq dynastyThe Tughlaqs ruled Delhi from 1320 to 1414, took the Sultanate to its greatest extent under M…
- Turk Shahi dynastyThe Turk Shahis ruled the Kabul valley and Gandhāra from the seventh to the ninth century CE,…
- Twipra kingdomThe Twipra kingdom was ruled by the Manikya dynasty from the fourteenth century until 1949, a…
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- UddehikaUddehika was a people of central India, in the country around Vidiśā, attested by a copper co…
- Uśīnara and the ŚibiUśīnara and Śibi were related peoples of the Punjab, remembered in Vedic and Buddhist literat…
- Utpala dynastyThe Utpalas ruled Kashmir from 855 to 1003 CE, a period that produced the valley's great hydr…
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- Vāghela dynastyThe Vāghelas were the last Hindu dynasty of Gujarat, ruling from Patan for sixty years until…
- VaidumbasThe Vaidumbas were a dynasty of the Rayalaseema uplands between the ninth and twelfth centuri…
- Vajji confederacyThe Vajji confederacy was a league of clans in north Bihar governed by an assembly at Vaiśālī…
- Vākāṭaka dynastyThe Vākāṭakas ruled the northern Deccan from the third to the fifth century CE, were bound to…
- Valluvanāḍ and Palakkad chieftainciesValluvanāḍ and Palakkad were central Kerala chieftaincies caught between Calicut and Cochin,…
- Varman dynasty of BengalThe Varmans ruled eastern Bengal from Vikramapura in the eleventh and twelfth centuries CE, b…
- Varman dynasty of KāmarūpaThe Varmans were the first historically documented dynasty of Assam, ruling Kāmarūpa from abo…
- VatsaVatsa was a mahājanapada at the confluence of the Ganga and the Yamuna, ruled from Kauśāmbī,…
- Velanāṭi CholasThe Velanāṭi Cholas governed coastal Andhra for the Chola empire from the late eleventh centu…
- Vēḷir chieftainciesThe Vēḷir were the chieftains of the Tamil country who ruled the hill and forest tracts betwe…
- Velugoti Nayaks of VenkatagiriThe Velugoti Nayaks of Venkatagiri were Velama chiefs who served Vijayanagara, held their ter…
- VemakaVemaka was a people of the eastern Punjab attested only by a small series of copper coins bea…
- VenāḍVenāḍ was the southern Kerala principality that emerged from the Chera collapse and grew into…
- Vijayanagara EmpireVijayanagara was the last great empire of southern India, founded on the Tungabhadra in 1336,…
- Viṣṇukuṇḍin dynastyThe Viṣṇukuṇḍins ruled coastal Andhra and Telangana for two centuries from about 420 CE, the…
- Vṛṣṇi corporationThe Vṛṣṇi corporation was a clan body of the Mathurā country attested by a coin issued in the…
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- Wangchuck dynasty of BhutanThe Wangchuck dynasty has ruled Bhutan since 1907 and is the only monarchy of the Indian Hima…
- Western Chalukyas of KalyāṇiThe Western Chalukyas ruled the Deccan from Kalyāṇi between 973 and 1189 CE, fought the Chola…
- Western Ganga dynastyThe Western Gangas ruled southern Karnataka for some six centuries from about 350 CE, and the…
- Western SatrapsThe Western Satraps, or Kṣatrapas, were a series of Indo-Scythian (Śaka) ruling houses that g…
- Wodeyars of MysoreThe Wodeyars ruled Mysore from 1399 to 1950, first as Vijayanagara feudatories, then as an in…
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- Yadu and the Yādava lineageYadu was a Ṛgvedic people whose name became, in later tradition, the great Yādava lineage of…
- Yajvapāla dynastyThe Yajvapālas ruled the Narwar country of central India in the second half of the thirteenth…
- YaudheyaThe Yaudheyas were a martial corporation of the country between the Sutlej and the Yamuna, th…